> ## Content Index
> Fetch the complete content index at: https://www.nupath.eu/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover other available public pages before exploring further.

# Sources
- URL: https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-sources/
- Published: 2026-08-30T13:46:31.000Z
- Updated: 2026-08-30T13:49:33.000Z
- Description: The source appendix to the deep dive "It's time to pick up the smartphone". Grouped by theme and free to read, for anyone who wants to check the work.
- Author: Christian Triantafillou Schade
- Tags: Mobile Sovereignty, #deep-dive-part

Appendix: Free to read

The source list behind [It's time to pick up the smartphone](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone/). New here? [Start at the beginning](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone/).

### Market data and usage

- [Mobile OS market share Europe](https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/europe/?ref=nupath.eu) (StatCounter).
- [Mobile search engine market share Europe](https://gs.statcounter.com/search-engine-market-share/mobile/europe?ref=nupath.eu) (StatCounter).
- [Mobile browser market share Europe](https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/mobile/europe?ref=nupath.eu) (StatCounter).
- [Europe smartphone shipments drop 6% YoY in Q1 2026](https://counterpointresearch.com/en/insights/europe-smartphone-market-q1-2026?ref=nupath.eu) (Counterpoint Research, 20 May 2026). Secondary: [Apple, Samsung end Q1 2026 with equal 30% share](https://www.techtimes.com/articles/317165/20260525/apple-samsung-end-q1-2026-europe-equal-30-smartphone-market-share.htm?ref=nupath.eu) (TechTimes, 25 May 2026).
- [Smartphone replacement cycle forecast 2016-2029](https://counterpointresearch.com/en/reports/smartphone-replacement-cycle-forecast-2016-2029?ref=nupath.eu) (Counterpoint Research, 18 Nov 2025). Secondary: [Should you still buy your next smartphone, or subscribe to it instead?](https://techcrunch.com/2026/08/01/should-you-still-buy-your-next-smartphone-or-subscribe-to-it-instead/?ref=nupath.eu) (TechCrunch, 1 Aug 2026).
- [Worldwide smartphone market to decline 13.9% in 2026](https://www.idc.com/resource-center/blog/worldwide-smartphone-market-to-decline-13-9-in-2026-as-memory-crisis-and-us-iran-war-constrain-growth/?ref=nupath.eu) (IDC blog, 2026).
- [Digital economy and society statistics, households and individuals](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Digital%5Feconomy%5Fand%5Fsociety%5Fstatistics%5F-%5Fhouseholds%5Fand%5Findividuals&ref=nupath.eu) (Eurostat Statistics Explained).
- [2026 State of Mobile](https://sensortower.com/blog/state-of-mobile-2026?ref=nupath.eu) (Sensor Tower, Jan 2026).
- [Digital 2026 global overview report](https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-global-overview-report?ref=nupath.eu) (DataReportal).
- [Daily time spent online in Europe by country](https://www.statista.com/statistics/1391355/daily-time-spent-online-europe-by-country/?ref=nupath.eu) (Statista).

### Messaging and social media

- [Nearly 95% of Spanish smartphone owners using WhatsApp](https://www.telecompaper.com/news/nearly-95-of-spanish-smartphone-owners-using-whatsapp-study--1572044?ref=nupath.eu) (Telecompaper, May 2026).
- [WhatsApp use in Europe and adoption across countries](https://www.linkmobility.com/blog/whatsapp-use-in-europe-and-adoption-across-countries?ref=nupath.eu) (LINK Mobility, 6 Feb 2026).
- [Most popular messaging apps by country](https://www.infobip.com/blog/most-popular-messaging-apps-by-country?ref=nupath.eu) (Infobip).
- [89% of 16-29-year-olds used social media in 2025](https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20260409-1?ref=nupath.eu) (Eurostat, 9 Apr 2026).
- [How Europeans use the internet in 2025](https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/en/latest/news/how-europeans-use-internet-2025-insights-eurostat?ref=nupath.eu) (EU Digital Skills and Jobs Platform, 2025).
- Digital 2026 country reports (DataReportal): [Germany](https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-germany?ref=nupath.eu) · [France](https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-france?ref=nupath.eu) · [Denmark](https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2026-denmark?ref=nupath.eu).
- [From apps to AI search: how the UK goes online in 2025](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/media-use-and-attitudes/online-habits/from-apps-to-ai-search-how-the-uk-goes-online-in-2025?ref=nupath.eu) (Ofcom Online Nation, 10 Dec 2025).

### European payment services

- [Bizum now has nearly 31 million users](https://aebanca.es/en/multimedia/bizum-now-has-nearly-31-million-users/?ref=nupath.eu) (Spanish Banking Association, 26 Feb 2026). In-store expansion: [Spain's Bizum heads to the high street](https://www.euronews.com/business/2026/05/09/spains-bizum-heads-to-the-high-street-to-take-on-visa-and-mastercard?ref=nupath.eu) (Euronews, 9 May 2026).
- [Over 750 million transactions in Q1 2026](https://www.blik.com/en/over-750-million-transactions-and-nearly-pln-120-billion-in-turnover-blik-maintains-double-digit-growth-in-q1-2026?ref=nupath.eu) (BLIK, 6 May 2026).
- [IRIS used by over 4.6 million citizens](https://athens-times.com/pierakakis-iris-is-transforming-greeces-economy-used-by-over-4-6-million-citizens/?ref=nupath.eu) (Athens Times, 30 Jun 2026).
- [How Wero scaled to 43 million users in 12 months](https://europeanbusinessmagazine.com/business/43-million-users-in-12-months-how-wero-is-building-europes-answer-to-visa-and-mastercard/?ref=nupath.eu) (European Business Magazine, 18 Feb 2026).
- [EuroPA and EPI launch collaboration](https://epicompany.eu/media-insights/europa-and-epi-launch-collaboration-to-expand-sovereign-pan-european-payments/?ref=nupath.eu) (EPI, 2026) and [MoU to accelerate sovereign pan-European payments](https://www.abnamro.com/en/news/parties-sign-mou-to-accelerate-the-rollout-of-sovereign-pan-european-payment?ref=nupath.eu) (ABN AMRO). Background: [European Payments Alliance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%5FPayments%5FAlliance?ref=nupath.eu) (Wikipedia).
- [Commission accepts commitments by Apple opening access to tap-and-go technology](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/fin/ip%5F24%5F3706/IP%5F24%5F3706%5FEN.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission press release, 11 Jul 2024). Full commitments text: [AT.40452 commitments decision](https://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/cases1/202428/AT%5F40452%5F10155330%5F9978%5F4.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (EC competition register PDF). Apple's implementation: [HCE transactions in apps](https://developer.apple.com/support/hce-transactions-in-apps/?ref=nupath.eu) (Apple Developer).
- [CDR (EU) 2018/389 Article 9](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2018/389/article/9?ref=nupath.eu) (SCA regulatory technical standards). Scheme side: [EPI Security Requirements v1.2 released](https://www.usd.de/en/epi-security-requirements-v1-2-released/?ref=nupath.eu) (usd AG, Jul 2026).
- Digital euro (ECB): [Third progress report](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital%5Feuro/progress/shared/pdf/ecb.deprp202507.en.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Jul 2025) · [Offline digital euro presentation](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital%5Feuro/timeline/profuse/shared/pdf/ecb.dep260409%5FItem%5F1%5FECB%5FPresentation%5FOffline%5FDigital%5FEuro.en.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Apr 2026) · [Preparation phase closing report](https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/digital%5Feuro/progress/html/ecb.deprp202510.en.html?ref=nupath.eu) (Oct 2025).

### European identity services

- [MitID statistics](https://www.mitid.dk/en-gb/about-mitid/mitid-statistics/?ref=nupath.eu) (MitID, updated Jul 2026). Non-phone paths: [How to use MitID](https://www.mitid.dk/en-gb/get-started-with-mitid/how-to-use-mitid/?ref=nupath.eu) and [MitID kodeviser](https://www.mitid.dk/hjaelp/hjaelpeunivers/mitid-kodeviser/?ref=nupath.eu) (MitID). Exemption share: [Digital Post statistics](https://digst.dk/it-loesninger/digital-post/om-loesningen/tal-og-statistik/?ref=nupath.eu) (Digitaliseringsstyrelsen).
- [itsme grows to eight million users](https://press.itsme-id.com/itsmer-groeit-naar-acht-miljoen-gebruikers-en-sterkt-zich-als-europese-speler?ref=nupath.eu) (itsme press room, 17 Mar 2026).
- [Italy pushes citizens to adopt CIE as SPID is phased out](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202604/italy-pushes-citizens-to-adopt-cie-as-spid-digital-id-is-phased-out?ref=nupath.eu) (Biometric Update, 28 Apr 2026).
- [BankID statistics](https://www.bankid.com/nyheter-press/press/statistik?ref=nupath.eu) (BankID, Swedish). English stats page: [bankid.com/en/om-oss/statistik](https://www.bankid.com/en/om-oss/statistik?ref=nupath.eu).
- [10 years of FranceConnect](https://www.numerique.gouv.fr/sinformer/espace-presse/10-ans-franceconnect/?ref=nupath.eu) (DINUM press release, 20 May 2026).
- Sweden's non-phone fallback: [Thousands to lose BankID access on old phones](https://swedenherald.com/article/thousands-to-lose-bankid-access-on-old-phones-next-year?ref=nupath.eu) (TT via Sweden Herald, 19 Sep 2025) · [Sverige-id approved by Digg](https://www.digg.se/om-oss/nyheter/digital-identitet/nyheter/2026-04-21-den-statliga-e-legitimationen-sverige-id-godkand-av-digg?ref=nupath.eu) (Digg, 21 Apr 2026) · [Statlig e-legitimation Sverige-id](https://polisen.se/tjanster-tillstand/pass-och-nationellt-id-kort/statlig-e-legitimation-sverige-id/?ref=nupath.eu) (Polisen) · [Sweden developing state-issued alternative to BankID](https://www.thelocal.se/20260309/sweden-developing-state-issued-alternative-to-bankid?ref=nupath.eu) (The Local, 9 Mar 2026) · [Sweden's BankID breached by hacker group](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202603/swedens-bankid-breached-by-hacker-group-as-govt-prepares-e-id-launch?ref=nupath.eu) (Biometric Update, 17 Mar 2026).
- Card-reader eID paths: [Estonian ID-card](https://www.id.ee/en/rubriik/id-card-en/?ref=nupath.eu) (id.ee) · [Compatible card readers](https://www.ausweisapp.bund.de/en/compatible-card-readers?ref=nupath.eu) and [How to use the eID function](https://www.ausweisapp.bund.de/en/how-to-use-the-eid-function?ref=nupath.eu) (AusweisApp, Germany).

### The EUDI wallet and eIDAS 2.0

- [Regulation (EU) 2024/1183](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1183/oj?ref=nupath.eu) (EUR-Lex).
- [Implementing regulations for European Digital Identity Wallets](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/implementing-regulation-european-digital-identity-wallets?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission, 4 Dec 2024).
- [Architecture and Reference Framework](https://eudi.dev/1.4.0/arf/?ref=nupath.eu) (EUDI Wallet ARF).
- [German EUDI wallet FAQ](https://eudi-wallet.gov.de/en/faq?ref=nupath.eu) (Federal Government).
- [EU Commission doubtful all member states will launch EUDI wallets this year](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202604/eu-commission-doubtful-all-member-states-will-be-able-launch-eudi-wallets-this-year?ref=nupath.eu) (Biometric Update, Apr 2026).
- [European digital ID wallets are a gift to Google and Apple](https://waag.org/en/article/european-digital-id-wallets-are-gift-google-and-apple/?ref=nupath.eu) (Waag Futurelab, 22 Jun 2026).
- [swiyu wallet: security and freedom of choice for Android users](https://www.eid.admin.ch/en/swiyu-wallet-security-and-freedom-of-choice-for-android-users?ref=nupath.eu) (Swiss Confederation, 2026).
- Remote key storage: [Four architectures, one regulation: choosing the right WSCD](https://utimaco.com/news/blog-posts/four-architectures-one-regulation-choosing-right-wscd-your-eudi-wallet?ref=nupath.eu) (Utimaco) · [Springer chapter on wallet secure cryptographic devices](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-00639-4%5F6?ref=nupath.eu).
- [German National EUDI Wallet architecture documentation](https://bmi.usercontent.opencode.de/eudi-wallet/wallet-development-documentation-public/latest/?ref=nupath.eu) (BMI). Launch date: [Germany's EUDI wallet push highlights Europe's implementation gap](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202608/germanys-eudi-wallet-push-highlights-europes-implementation-gap?ref=nupath.eu) (Biometric Update, Aug 2026).
- Assurance level and signing: [CIR (EU) 2015/1502](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg%5Fimpl/2015/1502/oj?ref=nupath.eu) (EUR-Lex) · [CSC white paper on remote signing with QES](https://cloudsignatureconsortium.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CSC-White-Paper-The-EU-digital-identity-wallet-a-new-tool-for-remote-signing-with-qualified-electronic-signatures.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Cloud Signature Consortium, Oct 2024).
- [Public GitHub discussion topics for the ARF](https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/blob/main/docs/discussion-topics/README.md?ref=nupath.eu) (EU Digital Identity Wallet).

### Platform gates, attestation and DMA enforcement

- Platform documentation: [Integrity verdicts](https://developer.android.com/google/play/integrity/verdicts?ref=nupath.eu) (Google Play Integrity API docs; MEETS\_DEVICE\_INTEGRITY requires "a certified device manufacturer image" with hardware-backed proof of a locked bootloader) · [Key and ID attestation](https://source.android.com/docs/security/features/keystore/attestation?ref=nupath.eu) (Android Open Source Project; hardware attestation reports the device's verified-boot state) · [Boot process for iPad and iPhone devices](https://support.apple.com/guide/security/boot-process-for-ipad-and-iphone-devices-secb3000f149/web?ref=nupath.eu) (Apple Platform Security Guide; each boot stage "checks that the next is signed by Apple").
- [GrapheneOS attestation compatibility guide](https://grapheneos.org/articles/attestation-compatibility-guide?ref=nupath.eu) (GrapheneOS). Wero dependency: [Wero wallet discussion](https://discuss.grapheneos.org/d/20119-wero-wallet?ref=nupath.eu) (GrapheneOS forum). Play Integrity tightening: [Stronger threat detection, simpler](https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2025/10/stronger-threat-detection-simpler.html?ref=nupath.eu) (Android Developers Blog, Nov 2025).
- [Apple keeps challenging its interoperability obligations under the DMA](https://fsfe.org/news/2026/news-20260420-01.html?ref=nupath.eu) (FSFE, 20 Apr 2026). Underlying data: [Apple's DMA compliance report, non-confidential summary](https://www.apple.com/legal/dma/NCS-March-2026.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Apple, 7 Mar 2026).
- [European Commission is right to prevent Google's anti-steering and self-preferencing](https://www.beuc.eu/press-releases/european-commission-right-prevent-googles-anti-steering-and-self-preferencing?ref=nupath.eu) (BEUC, Jul 2026) and [18 groups warn EU Commission: act on Google's search non-compliance](https://ppc.land/18-groups-warn-eu-commission-act-on-googles-search-non-compliance-now/?ref=nupath.eu) (PPC Land, 24 Mar 2026).
- [TikTok, AliExpress, SHEIN and Co surrender Europeans' data to authoritarian China](https://noyb.eu/en/tiktok-aliexpress-shein-co-surrender-europeans-data-authoritarian-china?ref=nupath.eu) (noyb, 16 Jan 2025). Meta AI complaints: [noyb urges 11 DPAs to stop Meta's abuse of personal data for AI](https://noyb.eu/en/noyb-urges-11-dpas-immediately-stop-metas-abuse-personal-data-ai?ref=nupath.eu) (noyb, Jun 2024).
- Web attestation history: [Web Environment Integrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%5FEnvironment%5FIntegrity?ref=nupath.eu) (Wikipedia) · [Google abandons Web Environment Integrity](https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/02/google%5Fabandons%5Fweb%5Fenvironment%5Fintegrity/?ref=nupath.eu) (The Register, 2 Nov 2023) · [Introducing Google Cloud Fraud Defense](https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/identity-security/introducing-google-cloud-fraud-defense-the-next-evolution-of-recaptcha?ref=nupath.eu) (Google Cloud blog, May 2026) · [Google Cloud Fraud Defence is just WEI repackaged](https://privatecaptcha.com/blog/google-cloud-fraud-defence-wei/?ref=nupath.eu) (Private Captcha, Jun 2026).
- iPhone boot chain: [checkm8 bootrom exploit](https://www.macrumors.com/2019/09/27/checkm8-bootrom-exploit-iphones-ipads/?ref=nupath.eu) (MacRumors, 2019) · [Project Sandcastle: Android on iPhone](https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/04/corellium-exploits-ios-jailbreak-to-install-android-on-iphone?ref=nupath.eu) (AppleInsider, 2020) · [A12/A13 chips facing exploit](https://www.macrumors.com/2026/06/18/a12-and-a13-chips-facing-exploit/?ref=nupath.eu) (MacRumors, 18 Jun 2026).

### Device control and MDM

- [How APNs works in MDM](https://fleetdm.com/articles/apple-push-notification-service-apns-mdm?ref=nupath.eu) (Fleet).
- [Android Management API: enterprises](https://developers.google.com/android/management/reference/rest/v1/enterprises?ref=nupath.eu) (Google).
- [Install and enforce software updates for Apple devices](https://support.apple.com/guide/deployment/install-and-enforce-software-updates-depd30715cbb/1/web/1.0?ref=nupath.eu) (Apple Platform Deployment Guide).
- [Manage system updates](https://developer.android.com/work/dpc/system-updates?ref=nupath.eu) (Android Developers).
- [Managing Apple devices without MDM](https://www.computerworld.com/article/3633178/so-you-want-to-manage-apple-devices-without-using-mdm-heres-how.html?ref=nupath.eu) (Computerworld, Jan 2025).
- Apple's EU feature delays: [Apple says EU law will mean more features are delayed](https://9to5mac.com/2025/09/24/apple-says-eu-law-will-mean-more-features-are-delayed-maybe-even-new-hardware/?ref=nupath.eu) (9to5Mac, 24 Sep 2025) · [Apple blasts EU for lack of features](https://www.macworld.com/article/2920951/why-there-is-no-live-translation-and-iphone-mirroring-in-the-eu.html?ref=nupath.eu) (Macworld, Sep 2025).

### Meta AI and OS-level AI

- [Europe, meet your newest assistant: Meta AI](https://about.fb.com/news/2025/03/europe-meet-your-newest-assistant-meta-ai/?ref=nupath.eu) (Meta Newsroom, 19 Mar 2025).
- [WhatsApp's new blue circle and why you can't turn it off](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kateoflahertyuk/2025/04/01/whatsapps-new-blue-circle-what-it-is-and-why-you-cant-turn-it-off/?ref=nupath.eu) (Forbes, 1 Apr 2025).
- [Meta AI in WhatsApp organizes chats and reopens privacy issues](https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/03/02/whatsapp-chats-meta-ai-user-privacy/?ref=nupath.eu) (Help Net Security, 2 Mar 2026).
- [Meta is now using your AI chats to target ads, you can't opt out](https://stateofsurveillance.org/news/meta-ai-chat-advertising-privacy-policy-2026/?ref=nupath.eu) (State of Surveillance, 2026). EU carve-out: [Meta AI chat ad targeting 2026: disclosure and EU carve-out](https://www.auditsocials.com/blog/meta-ai-chat-data-ad-targeting-2026-disclosure-opt-out-eu-carve-out-advertiser-implications?ref=nupath.eu) (AuditSocials, 2026).
- Apple Intelligence default-on: [Apple Intelligence is enabled by default in iOS 18.3](https://www.macworld.com/article/2584444/apple-intelligence-is-enabled-by-default-in-ios-18-3-and-macos-15-3.html?ref=nupath.eu) (Macworld, Jan 2025) · [The Register on default-on](https://www.theregister.com/2025/01/22/apple%5Fintelligence%5Fenabled/?ref=nupath.eu) (22 Jan 2025).
- Gemini replacing Assistant: [Gemini will replace Google Assistant on Android in 2026](https://9to5google.com/2025/12/19/google-assistant-gemini-2026/?ref=nupath.eu) (9to5Google, 19 Dec 2025) · [Android Auto goes Gemini-only in March 2026](https://phandroid.com/2025/11/25/say-goodbye-to-assistant-android-auto-goes-gemini-only-in-march-2026/?ref=nupath.eu) (Phandroid, 25 Nov 2025).

### Hardware and supply chain

- Huawei 2019: [The Huawei ban explained](https://www.androidauthority.com/huawei-google-android-ban-988382/?ref=nupath.eu) (Android Authority, updated Dec 2025) · [A timeline of the Huawei ban](https://m.gsmarena.com/a%5Ftimeline%5Fof%5Fthe%5Fhuawei%5Fban%5Fwhat%5Fhappened%5Fso%5Ffar%5Fand%5Fwhat%5Fto%5Fexpect-news-37197.php?ref=nupath.eu) (GSMArena, 2019).
- Transistor counts and NPUs: [Apple A18 Pro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%5FA18%5FPro?ref=nupath.eu) and [Apple A19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%5FA19?ref=nupath.eu) (Wikipedia) · [Qualcomm Hexagon NPU](https://www.qualcomm.com/processors/hexagon?ref=nupath.eu) (Qualcomm).
- Baseband: [Who tests the chip in your phone?](https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2026/who-tests-the-chip-in-your-phone?ref=nupath.eu) (University of Birmingham, 6 Jul 2026) · [Baseband processor attacks](https://stateofsurveillance.org/articles/technical/baseband-processor-attacks/?ref=nupath.eu) (State of Surveillance).
- Parts pairing and repair: [Apple to expand repair options with support for used genuine parts](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2024/04/apple-to-expand-repair-options-with-support-for-used-genuine-parts/?ref=nupath.eu) (Apple Newsroom, 11 Apr 2024) · [The end of parts pairing, almost](https://www.ifixit.com/News/100266/the-end-of-parts-pairing-almost?ref=nupath.eu) (iFixit, Sep 2024) · [Directive (EU) 2024/1799 on the repair of goods](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1799/oj?ref=nupath.eu) (EUR-Lex).
- Supply-chain chokepoints: [2021 Suez Canal obstruction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%5FSuez%5FCanal%5Fobstruction?ref=nupath.eu) (Wikipedia) · [Suez supply-chain impact could last months](https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/29/suez-canal-is-moving-but-the-supply-chain-impact-could-last-months.html?ref=nupath.eu) (CNBC, Mar 2021) · [Taiwan's semiconductor dominance](https://www.csis.org/blogs/perspectives-innovation/taiwans-semiconductor-dominance-implications-cross-strait-relations?ref=nupath.eu) (CSIS, 2022) · [China's grip on critical mineral refining](https://www.visualcapitalist.com/charted-chinas-grip-on-critical-mineral-refining/?ref=nupath.eu) (Visual Capitalist).
- The vault chips: [iPhone 16 Pro chip ID](https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/iPhone+16+Pro+Chip+ID/177358?ref=nupath.eu) (iFixit, Sep 2024) · [TechInsights teardown: iPhone 16 Pro](https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/22029/techinsights-teardowns-apple-iphone-16-pro?ref=nupath.eu) (Electronics360, Mar 2025) · [ST and Thales power secure contactless in Google Pixel 7](https://newsroom.st.com/media-center/press-item.html/t4492.html?ref=nupath.eu) (STMicroelectronics, Nov 2022) · [Pixel 7 augmented by ST54 NFC secure element](https://www.electronicsmedia.info/2022/11/21/google-pixel-7-augmented-by-st54-nfc-secure-element/?ref=nupath.eu) (Electronics Media, Nov 2022).

### The economy layer

- [Meta Platforms Form 10-K FY2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000162828026003942/meta-20251231.htm?ref=nupath.eu) (SEC).
- [Alphabet Q4 and fiscal year 2025 results](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000165204426000012/googexhibit991q42025.htm?ref=nupath.eu) (SEC exhibit).
- RAN market: [RAN market stabilized in 2025](https://www.delloro.com/news/ran-market-stabilized-in-2025/?ref=nupath.eu) (Dell'Oro) · [Dell'Oro: Huawei and Ericsson hold nearly two-thirds of RAN market](https://www.fierce-network.com/wireless/delloro-says-huawei-and-ericsson-have-nearly-two-thirds-ran-market-share?ref=nupath.eu) (Fierce Network).

### The state layer and the law

- [Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng?ref=nupath.eu) (EUR-Lex).
- TETRA and successors: [ETSI TC TCCE](https://www.etsi.org/technical-groups/tcce/?ref=nupath.eu) (ETSI) · [ASTRID technology](https://www.astrid.be/en/about-astrid/technology?ref=nupath.eu) (ASTRID) · [BDBOS: Breitband im Digitalfunk BOS](https://www.bdbos.bund.de/DE/Aufgaben/DigitalfunkBOS/Breitband/breitband%5Fnode.html?ref=nupath.eu) (BDBOS) · [Réseau radio du futur](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau%5Fradio%5Fdu%5Ffutur?ref=nupath.eu) (Wikipedia FR) · [Sectra Tiger/S](https://communications.sectra.com/product/mobile-communication-up-to-secret/?ref=nupath.eu) (Sectra).
- Minor-age laws: [Denmark imposes age checks for under-15s](https://www.biometricupdate.com/202604/denmark-imposes-age-checks-to-restrict-social-media-to-kids-under-15?ref=nupath.eu) (Biometric Update, 10 Apr 2026).
- Telecom-framing: [EU Electronic Communications Code](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/eu-electronic-communications-code?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission) · [DMA designated gatekeepers](https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/gatekeepers-portal%5Fen?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission) · [The Digital Networks Act](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digital-networks-act?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission).
- US legal reach: [Section 702 FISA 2026 resource page](https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/section-702-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-act-fisa-2026-resource-page?ref=nupath.eu) (Brennan Center) · [Senate confirms Jay Clayton, Section 702 deadlock holds](https://www.techtimes.com/articles/321911/20260728/senate-confirms-jay-clayton-intelligence-chief-section-702-deadlock-holds.htm?ref=nupath.eu) (TechTimes, 28 Jul 2026) · [CLOUD Act text (DOJ)](https://www.justice.gov/d9/pages/attachments/2019/04/09/cloud%5Fact.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) · [Microsoft admits it cannot guarantee data sovereignty](https://www.theregister.com/2025/07/25/microsoft%5Fadmits%5Fit%5Fcannot%5Fguarantee/?ref=nupath.eu) (The Register, 25 Jul 2025) · [General Court dismisses Latombe challenge](https://iapp.org/news/a/european-general-court-dismisses-latombe-challenge-upholds-eu-us-data-privacy-framework?ref=nupath.eu) (IAPP, Sep 2025).
- Romania land registry: [Romania races to restore land registry after cyberattack](https://therecord.media/romania-cyberattack-land-registry?ref=nupath.eu) (The Record, 20 Jul 2026) · [Romania's real estate market still reeling from cyberattack](https://www.romania-insider.com/romania-real-estate-cyberattack-land-registration-2026?ref=nupath.eu) (Romania Insider, 20 Jul 2026) · [Romania confirms ransomware attack on cadastre agency](https://www.romania-insider.com/romania-ransomware-attack-cadastre-agency-july-2026?ref=nupath.eu) (Romania Insider, 28 Jul 2026) · [Land registry cyberattack exposes holes in Romania's digital defences](https://balkaninsight.com/2026/07/21/land-registry-cyberattack-exposes-holes-in-romanias-digital-defences/bi/?ref=nupath.eu) (Balkan Insight, 21 Jul 2026).
- [Franco-German Joint Paper on Digital Sovereignty](https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/files/files/presse/2026/20260617-franco-german-joint-paper-digital-on-sovereignty.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (PDF, 17 Jun 2026). Reactions: [Gaia-X position](https://gaia-x.eu/gaia-x-position-on-the-franco-german-joint-paper-on-digital-sovereignty/?ref=nupath.eu) · [Andreas Timm commentary](https://andreastimm.com/germany-france-digital-sovereignty-operational-terms/?ref=nupath.eu).

### Industry policy and funding

- Chips Act: [Chips Act 2.0 policy page](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/chips-act-2?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission) · [ECA special report on the Chips Act](https://www.eca.europa.eu/ECAHTMLNews/NEWS-SR-2025-12/en/body.html?ref=nupath.eu) (European Court of Auditors, Apr 2025) · [The Register on the ECA report](https://www.theregister.com/2025/04/28/eu%5Fchips%5Fact%5Freport/?ref=nupath.eu) · [Member states ask Commission to lower chip targets](https://www.euronews.com/next/2025/05/12/eu-member-states-ask-commission-to-lower-targets-for-microchip-strategy?ref=nupath.eu) (Euronews, May 2025) · [DIGITALEUROPE priorities for the Chips Act revision](https://cdn.digitaleurope.org/uploads/2025/11/2025-11-17%5FDIGITALEUROPE-Priorities-for-the-Revision-of-the-European-Chips-Act%5Fv0.97.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Nov 2025).
- Chips Act 2.0 proposal: [Proposal for the Chips Act 2.0](https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-chips-act-20?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission) · [COM(2026) 504 text](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52026PC0504&ref=nupath.eu) (EUR-Lex) · [Legislative train: Chips Act II](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-plan-for-europe-s-sustainable-prosperity-and-competitiveness/file-chips-act-ii?ref=nupath.eu) (European Parliament).
- IPCEI ME/CT: [Commission approves up to €8.1 billion for microelectronics IPCEI](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip%5F23%5F3087?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission press release, 8 Jun 2023) · [AENEAS on IPCEI ME/CT approval](https://aeneas-office.org/2023/06/08/ipcei-in-microelectronics-and-communication-technologies-has-been-approved-by-the-commission/?ref=nupath.eu).
- [Europe launches €80 billion investment alliance to scale up tech leaders (ETCI 2.0)](https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2026-244-europe-launches-eur80-billion-investment-alliance-to-scale-up-tech-leaders?ref=nupath.eu) (EIB press release, 10 Jul 2026).
- [Scaleup Europe Fund to start making investments](https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip%5F26%5F1718?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission press release, 2026).
- [EU Inc: a new harmonised corporate legal regime](https://commission.europa.eu/topics/business-and-industry/doing-business-eu/company-law-and-corporate-governance/eu-inc-new-harmonised-corporate-legal-regime%5Fen?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission) · [EPRS briefing on the 28th regime](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS%5FBRI%282026%29785710?ref=nupath.eu) (European Parliament, 2026).
- [European Commission launches its EU Startup and Scaleup Strategy](https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/mt/node/16698?ref=nupath.eu) (European Commission, 28 May 2025).
- [Legislative train: Public Procurement Act](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/theme-a-new-plan-for-europe-s-sustainable-prosperity-and-competitiveness/file-public-procurement-act?ref=nupath.eu) (European Parliament).

### European phone projects and the second-hand market

- [Jolla Phone MWC26 press release](https://jolla.com/content/uploads/2026/03/Jolla%5FPhone%5FPressRelease%5FMWC2026.pdf?ref=nupath.eu) (Jolla, 2 Mar 2026). Current pricing: [Jolla Phone pre-order page](https://commerce.jolla.com/products/jolla-phone-preorder?ref=nupath.eu) (Jolla shop).
- [Banking apps on Sailfish OS](https://forum.sailfishos.org/t/banking-apps-on-sailfish-os/18438?ref=nupath.eu) (community wiki).
- [Android App Support](https://docs.sailfishos.org/Support/Help%5FArticles/Android%5FApp%5FSupport/?ref=nupath.eu) (Jolla) · [microG installation](https://sailfishos.wiki/books/android-appsupport/page/microg-installation-google-play-simulation?ref=nupath.eu) (community wiki).
- Nothing's scale: [Nothing secures $200M at a $1.3B valuation](https://thetechportal.com/2025/09/16/nothing-secures-200mn-at-a-1-3bn-valuation-to-introduce-ai-optimized-gadgets-in-2026/?ref=nupath.eu) (The Tech Portal, 16 Sep 2025).
- Refurbished volume (Europe): [From saturation to surge: the global pre-owned smartphone landscape](https://counterpointresearch.com/en/insights/global-pre-owned-smartphone-landscape-in-transition?ref=nupath.eu) (Counterpoint Research, 13 Oct 2025) · [Refurbished smartphone market going mainstream in Europe](https://www.techtimes.com/articles/321236/20260722/refurbished-smartphone-market-going-mainstream-europe-helping-lead-shift.htm?ref=nupath.eu) (TechTimes, 22 Jul 2026).
- [Nearly one in five European consumers now uses a second-hand smartphone](https://www.recommerce-group.com/en/articles-en/nearly-one-in-five-european-consumers-now-uses-a-second-hand-smartphone?ref=nupath.eu) (Recommerce Group / Kantar barometer, 9 Mar 2026).

### European champions (attention-side context)

- [Spotify Q1 2026 earnings](https://newsroom.spotify.com/2026-04-28/spotify-q1-2026-earnings/?ref=nupath.eu) (Spotify Newsroom, 28 Apr 2026).
- [Vinted FY2025 results](https://company.vinted.com/newsroom/financial-results-2025?ref=nupath.eu) (Vinted, 9 Apr 2026) · [Bolt reaches €2B in turnover](https://investinestonia.com/estonian-scale-up-bolt-reaches-e2b-in-turnover/?ref=nupath.eu) (Invest in Estonia, Jul 2025) · [Zalando Q1 2026 results](https://corporate.zalando.com/en/financials/zalando-q1-2026-results?ref=nupath.eu) (Zalando, 6 May 2026).

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[What, and how long, will it take?](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-what-it-takes/)

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- [1 The situation](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-situation/)
- [2 The problem](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-problem/)
- [3 Independence](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-independence/)
- [4 Five futures](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-futures/)
- [5 What it takes](https://www.nupath.eu/pick-up-the-smartphone-what-it-takes/)
- Sources